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Exercise 4.4 class 8 solution – chance and probablity
Chance” and “probability” are related concepts in the field of statistics and probability theory, but they are not synonymous. Here’s an explanation of each term:
Chance:
- “Chance” typically refers to the likelihood or possibility of a particular event occurring. It is often used informally in everyday language.
- It represents the random or unpredictable nature of events.
- For example, when you say, “There’s a chance of rain tomorrow,” you are indicating the possibility of rain occurring, but you haven’t quantified it.
Probability:
- “Probability” is a more precise and mathematical concept. It quantifies the likelihood of an event occurring and is expressed as a numerical value between 0 and 1.
- A probability of 0 means an event is impossible, and a probability of 1 means an event is certain. Probabilities between 0 and 1 represent the likelihood of an event occurring to various degrees.
- Probabilities are used in mathematical and statistical models to describe and predict uncertain events.
- For example, in a fair six-sided die, the probability of rolling a 6 is 1/6 (approximately 0.1667), while the probability of rolling any other number is also 1/6.
- In summary, chance is a colloquial term that reflects the idea of unpredictability or uncertainty, whereas probability is a more precise concept used to quantify the likelihood of specific events in a mathematical and statistical context. Probability theory provides the tools and principles for analyzing and making predictions about uncertain events and is a fundamental concept in mathematics and statistics.
Exercise 4.4 class 8 solution – linking chances to probablity
Chances” and “probability” are closely related concepts, and probability theory is the mathematical framework that allows us to link them. In essence, probability provides a quantitative way to express and understand the likelihood or chances of various events occurring. Here’s how chances are linked to probability:
Quantifying Chances: Probability provides a way to quantify the chances of different outcomes or events. Instead of merely saying that something is “likely” or “unlikely,” probability assigns a numerical value to express the likelihood.
Probability as a Measure: Probability is a measure of the likelihood of an event happening. It is expressed as a number between 0 and 1, where 0 means the event is impossible, 1 means the event is certain, and values between 0 and 1 represent different degrees of likelihood.
Calculating Probabilities: Probability theory offers formulas and rules for calculating probabilities based on various situations. For example, the probability of an event can be calculated by dividing the number of favorable outcomes by the total number of possible outcomes.
For example, consider a coin toss. When you say there’s a “50-50 chance” of getting heads or tails, you are expressing the likelihood in a qualitative way. However, probability theory allows us to precisely state that the probability of getting heads is 0.5, and the probability of getting tails is also 0.5. This mathematical representation connects the concept of “chance” to the formal concept of “probability.”
In summary, probability theory is the mathematical framework that quantifies and links our everyday notions of chances and likelihood to precise numerical values, making it a powerful tool for understanding and dealing with uncertainty in various fields, including statistics, decision-making, and science.
Exercise 4.4 class 8 solution-examples of probablity
here are a few examples of probability in various real-life scenarios:
- Coin Toss Probability:
- When you flip a fair coin, there are two equally likely outcomes: heads (H) or tails (T).
- The probability of getting heads (H) is 0.5 (or 50%), and the probability of getting tails (T) is also 0.5 (or 50%).
- Rolling a Die Probability:
- When you roll a fair six-sided die, there are six possible outcomes: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.
- The probability of rolling a 3, for example, is 1/6 because there is one favorable outcome (rolling a 3) out of six possible outcomes.
- Card Deck Probability:
- In a standard deck of 52 playing cards, there are 4 suits (hearts, diamonds, clubs, spades) with 13 cards each (Ace through King).
- The probability of drawing a red card (hearts or diamonds) is 26/52 or 1/2.
- Weather Forecast Probability:
- Weather forecasts often provide probabilities of certain weather events. For example, a weather report might say there’s a 30% chance of rain tomorrow.
- Sports Outcomes Probability:
- In a basketball game, the probability of making a free throw can be expressed as a percentage. If a player has a 70% free throw success rate, their probability of making the next free throw is 0.70.
- Healthcare Screening Probability:
- Medical tests often provide probabilities related to diagnoses. For instance, a mammogram might have a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 80%, which helps determine the probability of a correct diagnosis.
- Casino Games Probability:
- In casino games like roulette, the probabilities of different outcomes are well-defined. For example, the probability of landing on a specific number in American roulette is 1/38.
- Stock Market Probability:
- Traders and investors use probabilities to assess the likelihood of various stock market outcomes, such as the probability of a stock price going up or down.
- These examples demonstrate how probability is used to quantify the likelihood of different events in a wide range of situations, from everyday occurrences like coin tosses to more complex scenarios in fields like science, medicine, and finance. Probability allows us to make informed decisions and predictions in the face of uncertainty.
Exercise 4.4 class 8 solution – exercise preview
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Exercise 4.4 class 8 solution – solution pdf
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